How much data can travel through an internet connection at once. Like the width of a highway - more lanes mean more cars.
Higher bandwidth allows you to stream 4K videos without buffering.
Bandwidth is a networking concept (data capacity per second), not a single cloud service. All major clouds provide bandwidth through their network links (internet egress/ingress, inter-region links, VPN/Direct Connect-style private links) and typically meter it as data transfer (GB) and/or provisioned link capacity (Mbps/Gbps).