Numerical representations of data (text, images, audio) in high-dimensional space where similar items are close together. Like converting words into map coordinates where similar meanings are neighbors.
OpenAI's embedding model converts 'king' and 'queen' to similar vectors, enabling AI to understand they're related concepts.
All major clouds offer (1) embedding model endpoints to turn content into vectors and (2) vector-capable search/storage to retrieve similar items. The model service generates embeddings; the search/database layer stores vectors and performs nearest-neighbor queries for semantic search and RAG.