Role-Based Access Control - security approach that assigns permissions based on job roles rather than individual users. Like giving all managers the same key instead of customizing access for each person.
Instead of setting permissions for each developer individually, RBAC assigns all developers to a 'Developer' role with predefined access rights.
All four clouds implement RBAC through their IAM systems by binding roles (sets of permissions) to identities (users, groups, service accounts) at a defined scope (account/subscription/project/compartment or resource).