Google Cloud's implementation of Virtual Private Cloud, providing global-by-default networking that spans all regions. Unlike AWS VPCs which are regional, GCP VPC Networks can have subnets in different regions within the same network. Equivalent to AWS VPC, Azure VNet, and OCI VCN.
A VPC Network in Google Cloud connects Compute Engine instances in us-east1 and europe-west1 within the same network, simplifying multi-region architectures.
All four provide isolated, software-defined private networking in the cloud (subnets, routing, firewalling, and private IPs). A key distinction is scope: Google Cloud VPC networks are global resources that can contain subnets in multiple regions, while AWS VPCs, Azure VNets, and OCI VCNs are regional resources (though they can be connected across regions using peering, gateways, or transit services).